
| AES: Auger Electron Spectroscopy |

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When electron rays are emitted to a sample
surface, secondary electrons and characteristic X-rays are discharged from the
sample surface. Auger electrons generated in the Auger process exist in the discharged
secondary electrons. Since the kinetic energy of the Auger electrons is specific
to the substance without depending on the emitted electrons and energy of light,
the element is identified and its chemical conditions are analyzed by detecting
the kinetic energy.
Kinetic energy of Auger electron:
EA = EL1 - Ek - EL2 - Φ |
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